5.5+Art+–+Neo-Classicism+&amp;+Romanticism

A. Emergence of a New Society 1. New Police Forces- increases in crime in first half of 19th century led to improvements in police forces a.) French Police- formed by Louis-Maurice Debelleyme, called ‘serjents’, wore easily recognizable blue uniforms, slow growth b.) British Police- originally depended upon system of unpaid constables, 1829-1830 came 3,000 uniformed police officers, called ‘bobbies’ after founder Robert Peel, primary goal to prevent crime c.) German Police- called ‘Schutzmannschaft’, began as civilian body but become state-run, most noted for weapons, used for political purposes d.) Other Approaches- formation of group institutes, creation of Sunday schools to improve morals 2. Prison Reform- rise in arrests, harsher punishments for crimes involving property, single cells (solitary confinement), processed geared toward creating more disciplined society B. Culture in an Age of Reaction: The mood of Romanticism 1. Characteristics of Romanticism a.) Common theme of young women taken away from a lover by disease (ex. Goethe) b.) Individualism- interest in unique traits of each person c.) Stress of heroism and sacrifice d.) Passionate interest in the past (Hans Christian Anderson) e.) Attraction to bizarre and unusual (sometimes known as Gothic) 2. Romantic Poets a.) Percy Bysshe Shelley – //Prometheus Unbound//, death by drowning b.) Lord Byron- //Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage//, died in Greek war c.) William Wordsworth- special love of nature d.) Pantheism- (commonly used) identifying the great force in nature with God C. Critique of Science- criticism and critique of science by Romanticists D. Romanticism in Art- reflection of artist’s inner feelings, deliberately rejected principles of Classicism 1. Friedrich- German, preoccupied with God and nature, landscapes, //Man and Woman Gazing at the Moon// 2. Malford William Turner- English, themes most nature oriented, produced over 20,000 works in his lifetime 3. Delacroix- French, fascinated by the exotic, passion for color, //The Death of Sardanapalus// E. Romanticism in Music- focused on emphasizing human emotion 1. Beethoven- worked largely with classical forms during his first period of composition, later broke through with uncontrolled Romantic rhythm 2. Berlioz- French, one of the founders of program music (music using moods and sound effects to depict themes), //Symphonie Fantastique// E. Revival of Religion in the Age of Romanticism- Christianity explosion after 1815, faith now seen as a noble order of society because of Romantic ideals 1. Catholicism- many German conversions, Chateaubriand’s //Genius of Christianity// builds defense of Catholics based upon Romantic sentiment 2. Protestantism- experience revival known as the “awakening”, Methodist missionaries travel to liberal Protestant churches in France and Switzerland, Evangelical preachers spoke of hellfire