2.2+Thirty+Years+War

Primary Causes of the Thirty Years’ War: -Conflict between Catholicism and Protestant militants The Bohemian Phase -Cause: -Bohemian nobles were unhappy with the Hapsburgs, and thus chose Elector Frederick V of the Palatinate as the King (Note: Defenestration of Prague). Hapsburg forces and the allied Spanish sought to regain control. -Combatants: -Bohemian nobles Vs. -Hapsburgs (Imperial Army) -Spanish Allies -Outcome: The revolt was subdued and Emperor Ferdinand made Bohemia a hereditary Hapsburg possession. This was a great victory for Catholicism.

The Danish Phase -Cause: -A league opposed to the Hapsburgs, made up of the French, English, and Dutch, elect Christian IV of Denmark as their Champion. Denmark, being Lutheran, sought to aid the Protestant struggle in Northern Germany. -Combatants: -Denmark -North German Protestants Vs. -Hapsburgs (Holy roman Empire with their forces led by Albrecht von Wollenstein, a mercenary general) -Catholic League -Outcome: Wollenstein and the Catholic League defeated the Danish and North German armies, ending Denmark’s reign as a major Baltic power. Edict of Restitution restores territories taken from the Church during the Protestant reformation.

The Swedish Phase -Cause: Lutheran Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus fears the growing power of the Holy Roman Empire and invades from the north. -Combatants: -Sweden -North German Protestants Vs. -Holy Roman Empire -Catholic League -Outcome: -After dismissing Wollenstein for suspicion of treason, the Emperor had to rely more on the Catholic League. After bringing Wollenstein back, he has him killed due to Wollenstein’s actions toward bringing peace to the two sides. Gustavus is killed in battle and the two sides sign a peace agreement, which delayed the Edict of Restitution.The Hapsburg hopes of uniting Germany under Catholicism were dead.

The Franco-Swedish Phase -Cause: France sought to maintain the balance of power in Europe, so sided with the Protestants in battling the Hapsburgs. -Combatants: -France -Sweden -North German Protestants Vs. -Holy Roman Empire -Spain -Outcome: -Treaty of Westphalia signed: -Grants independence to 300 German states - Sweden, France, and Brandenburg-Prussia gain territory -Marks decline of Holy Roman Empire -Rise of dominance of France

Here are a couple websites that have good info on the Thirty Years War http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty_Years' [|http://www.pipeline.com/~cwa/TYWHome.htm] http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/thirty_years_war.htm http://www.strategos.demon.co.uk/tywhome/ http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/riley/787/30/