5.1+“Re-Inventing”+Europe

Note: This isn't finished yet, sorry guys.

1. **The Peace Settlement** · The Principle of Legitimacy: Reinstating the monarchs that had been in power before the French Revolution to restore the traditional institutions. · A New Balance of Power: The Congress of Vienna is held to create a balance of power. Land is distributed as well as power to ensure that no country can ever have a rule as large as Napoleon’s. o Congress makes a decision to create a buffer around France to prevent more expansion. o Napoleon’s supporters return him to France where he stays for 100 days. The powers decide to stop him from gathering up his army and taking control again. o 1815: The Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon is banished once again. He is sent to St. Helena.

2. **the Ideology of Conservatism** · Beings in 1790 wit Edmund Burke’s //Reflections on the Revolution in France//. · Joseph de Maistre was also counterrevolutionary and believed in conservatism. He believed only an absolute monarchy could guarantee “order in society”. · Conservatism had many basic beliefs that were generally agreed upon. i. Favored obedience to political authority ii. Organized religion was crucial to social order iii. Hated revolutionary upheavals iv. Unwilling to accept liberal demands for civil liberties and representative governments. v. Precedence over civil rights- tradition is the best guide for order

3. **Conservative Domination: The Concert of Europe** · Concert of Europe: a way to maintain the status quo that had been constructed. Grew from the reaffirmation of the Quadruple Alliance in 1815. (Great Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria) a. Periodic meetings were held between 1818 and 1822. First was held at Aix-la-Chapelle. Next at Troppau (1820)
 * The Principle of Intervention: great powers of Europe had the right to send armies into countries where there were revolutions to restore legitimate monarchs. Britain refused to agree. However, Austria, Prussia, and Russia authorized the sending of Austrian troops to Naples anyway. This act restored Ferdinand I to the throne. Later, French forces restore the Bourbon monarch.
 * The Revolt of Latin America: By 1810, disintegration of royal power in Argentina had led to that nation’s independence. In Venezuela, Simon Bolivar was hailed as “the Liberator”.
 * The Monroe Doctrine: James Monroe acted in 1823, guaranteeing the independence of the new Latin American nations and warning against any further European intervention in the New World.
 * Instead of Spain and Portugal, Great Britain now dominated Latin American economy. British merchants moved in large numbers while British investors poured in funds. Old trade patterns soon reemerged.