2.4+Britain’s+Transformation+–+the+rise+of+Constitutionalism&nbsp;


 * **Constitutionalism** is government power being limited by law; delicate balance between the power of the government and the rights of the people.

__17th century England__ -the English midlle class had increased drastically -majority of the population were Calvanists

__The Stuart Dynasty__ -James I (1603-1625) - Charles I (1625-1649) - Charles II (1660-1685) - James II (1685-1688) -Many people argued whether the king could govern without the consent of parliament and what form the church would follow, Episcopal or Presbyterian? James I -absolutist who claimed the divine right of kings -dissolved parliament twice

__Charles I__ -Absolutist who claimed the divine right of kings like his father -sought to rule without parliament and to control the Church of England -Parliament attempts the Petition of Rights in 1629 which grants basic legal rights in return for tax increases -Charles dissolves Parliament and rules without them for eleven years -Charles calls in the Short Parliament but only for a month -he then calls in the Long Parliament and agress to there terms because he needs financial aid for the Scottish invasion - Charles tries to arrest members of the Parliament but many people come to the parliaments defense -Charles declares a war against the parliament -Cavaliers supported the king and Roundheads Opposed the king -Oliver Cromwell's new model army defeats Charles -Charles is beheaded -Oliver is known as the Lord Protector -Olivers son took over when he died in 1658 -Charles II (Stuart) takes over in 1660 - he agreed to abide by the parliament (end of absolutism) -in 1679 the Habeas Corpus is passed

__James II__ -he tried to return England to Catholicism

__The Glorious Revolution__ - Parliament was afraid of the birth of a catholic heir and the declaration of indulgence -James was forced to abdicate his throne -James' daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange were joint sovereigns by Parliament England became a constitutional monarchy under the English Bill of Rights ||


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